Accurate diagnosis of VUR requires a combination of clinical assessment and imaging techniques. Ultrasounds, voiding cystourethrograms (VCUG), and radionuclide scans provide detailed insights into the presence and severity of reflux.

Ongoing research in VUR focuses on less invasive treatments, genetic understanding, and long-term kidney protection. Advances in endoscopic procedures, robotic surgery, and preventive strategies promise improved outcomes.

Emerging therapies targeting genetic causes and urinary tract development may revolutionize management, allowing early interventions and personalized care. These developments aim to reduce infections, preserve kidney function, and enhance quality of life for patients.

Grading of VUR from mild (Grade I) to severe (Grade V) helps determine the most appropriate treatment approach. Early diagnosis ensures timely intervention, reducing the risk of kidney damage and recurrent infections.